Research

Behind the scenes: I post submission histories for my papers (with co-author approval) along with how each project started and what I learned. Click any 📖 Story to open the panel. DR stands for "Desk Reject".

Behavioral Economics

My work in behavioral economics explores how people form preferences and act on them—especially when those decisions involve temptation, self-control, or genuine uncertainty about what one wants. My theory work explores axiomatic foundations of these phenomena; the experimental papers test them in the lab and the field. A common thread is the gap between what people say they want and what they actually choose.

Stochastic Dominance and Demand for Surprise

📖 Story

Séverine Toussaert

Working Paper, 2024

How it started

I started thinking seriously about this project around 2018, partly because I have a personal fondness for surprises. After going on a surprise holiday myself, I became curious about who actively chooses these experiences and why.

What I learned

The project became a way to understand both a broader behavioral pattern and, to some extent, my own preferences. It asks how people value surprise and how that fits with standard ideas such as stochastic dominance.

Revealing Temptation Through Menu Choice: Field Evidence

📖 Story

Séverine Toussaert

Working Paper, 2019

How it started

This project began in 2014 and was my first real attempt to move from lab experiments into a field setting. The idea came from an email from NYU wellness services advertising a weight loss challenge, which immediately struck me as a natural subject pool for studying temptation and self-control outside the lab.

What I learned

The project was both challenging and enjoyable. It was my first field experiment, and it shaped how I think about bringing behavioral mechanisms into more realistic environments.

Eliciting Temptation and Self-Control Through Menu Choices: A Lab Experiment

📖 Story

Séverine Toussaert

Econometrica, 2018, 86(3): 859-889

How it started

This project originated around 2012 and eventually became my job market paper when I went on the market from NYU in 2016. The hardest part was not the theory but finding a convincing and tractable form of temptation that could work in a controlled experiment.

Early on, I tried using video games, especially Angry Birds, as the tempting activity. That meant many hours in the lab playing the game to calibrate the design, which did not always look like serious research from the outside, but the trial and error was essential.

Submission journey

QJE DR → Econometrica R&RAccepted

What I learned

This project taught me how much careful experimental design depends on patient iteration. What looked unproductive at times was exactly what made the final design work.

Choice Deferral, Indecisiveness and Preference for Flexibility

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with Leonardo Pejsachowicz

Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 170 (2017), 417-425

How it started

This was my first, and so far only, theory project. The starting intuition was that people may prefer flexibility when they are uncertain about their preferences, but prefer commitment when they are certain, especially in the presence of temptation.

Working with Leonardo Pejsachowicz, I learned that this intuition does not go through in any straightforward way. The paper ultimately became an impossibility result showing that the desired coexistence cannot be achieved under the proposed framework.

Submission journey

Econometrica Reject → RES Reject → JET Accepted

What I learned

The paper also had an instructive review path. In our first Econometrica submission, we used a long proof that relied on a rather unattractive axiom; one reviewer pointed out the axiom was unnecessary and sketched a much shorter proof. It was a vivid lesson in how peer review can materially improve theoretical work.

Intention-Based Reciprocity and Signaling of Intentions

📖 Story

Séverine Toussaert

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 137 (2017), 132-144

How it started

This was my first laboratory experiment and, more broadly, my first experiment of any kind. It grew out of my master's thesis work on trust, and I approached it with a great deal of confidence: I had NSF funding, a theoretical framework, and enough optimism to label the dataset "awesome data" before collecting it.

Submission journey

GEB Reject › MS DR › JEEA DR › Economic Journal Reject › AEJ Micro DR › European Economic Review Reject › JEBO cond. accepted

What I learned

Data collection quickly reminded me that subjects do not behave like the cleanest version of a model. At one point a participant even fell asleep at the computer, which was an early and durable lesson that experiments are always messier in practice than on paper.

Metascience

I am passionate about research transparency and the inner workings of the publication process. This line of work asks how economics research is produced, evaluated, and shared—and how we might make these processes more open. It includes empirical studies of peer review, a survey of pre-registration practices, and a personal essay on what rejection history can teach us.

Pre-registration and Pre-Analysis Plans in Experimental Economics

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with T Imai, A Baillon, A Dreber, S Ertac, M Johannesson, L Neyse, MC Villeval

R&R at Experimental Economics, 2025

Origin

This project began with a small team and expanded over time, bringing together researchers with quite different views on pre-registration. That heterogeneity turned out to be part of the story, not just background.

What I learned

There was a certain irony in writing a paper about pre-registration, pre-registering our own analysis, and then encountering cases where deviations became necessary. Even within the team, there was not always agreement on how those deviations should be interpreted or presented, which mirrored one of the paper's central themes.

Scientific Workflow in Experimental Economics

A Dreber, S Toussaert

Forthcoming, Philosophical Transactions A, 2026

PDF

Open Science, Closed Peer Review?

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with G Charness, A Dreber, D Evans, A Gill

Forthcoming, Journal of the Economic Science Association, 2025

Related:

Peer Review in Economics: Where Are We? Where Can We Go?

How it started

This project began in 2020, during the COVID-19 period, with the goal of improving the peer review experience for both authors and reviewers. We wanted to think seriously about both the demand side and the supply side of the system.

Submission journey

PNAS DR → Science DR → Nature Human Behaviour DR → JESA R&RAccepted

What I learned

The project was demanding from start to finish. Even fielding a survey on peer review practices proved slower and harder than expected, and the paper's own review process was challenging in exactly the way that made the motivation for the project feel even more real.

Six Journal Rejections and a Major Rethink

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Nature Opinion, October 2025

Why I wrote this

I wanted to show what the publication process really looks like. Six rejections sounds rough, but it's actually pretty normal. Most researchers don't talk about this publicly.

Public Health

Since 2015, I have been working with a team of health economists, public health researchers, biostatisticians, and game designers on smoking cessation. Our aim is to improve mHealth technologies using insights from behavioral economics, clinical psychology, and game design—to help smokers quit for good. More generally, I am interested in app-delivered behaviour change and how behavioral science can improve health technology.

Peer Mentoring

Our first line of work examines peer support interventions for smoking cessation. In one trial, we studied the effect of peer mentoring delivered by former smokers via text messages. We then extended this into a systematic review and meta-analysis covering the broader peer-support literature.

Effectiveness of Peer-Support Interventions for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

with P Yuan, JL Westmaas, J Thrul, JF Hilton, JS White

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2023 (Editor's Choice)

Peer Mentoring and Automated Text Messages for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Pilot Trial

with JS White, J Thrul, J Bontemps-Jones, L Abroms, JL Westmaas

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2020, 22(3), 371–380

Inner Dragon Game

Screenshot of the Inner Dragon game in the Smoke Free app

Our second set of trials focused on gamification as a way to increase user engagement with mHealth apps. Working with Smoke Free—one of the leading smartphone apps for smoking cessation—we developed a game called Inner Dragon, which gives users a dragon companion that grows as they accumulate smoke-free time.

We completed a design and feasibility evaluation, followed by a pilot randomized trial on engagement outcomes. Smoke Free was approved for prescription in Germany in February 2023, with the Inner Dragon game live in the app since then.

Evaluating the Impact of a Game (Inner Dragon) on User Engagement Within a Leading Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial

with JS White, BR Raiff, MK Salem, AY Chiang, D Crane, E Warrender, C Lyles, LC Abroms, JL Westmaas, J Thrul

JMIR, 2024

Gamifying a Leading Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation: Design and Feasibility Evaluation of Inner Dragon

with JS White, MK Salem, JL Westmaas, BR Raiff, C Lyles, LC Abroms, J Thrul

JMIR Serious Games, 2023

COVID-19

During the pandemic, I took part in a project led by Johannes Abeler examining the acceptability of contact-tracing apps across countries, as well as writing a News & Views piece on how to boost uptake of such apps.

Upping Uptake of COVID Contact Tracing Apps

Séverine Toussaert

Nature Human Behaviour, 2021, 5, 183–184 (News & Views)

PDF

Acceptability of App-Based Contact Tracing for COVID-19: Cross-Country Survey Study

with S Altmann, L Milsom, H Zillessen, R Blasone, F Gerdon, R Bach, F Kreuter, D Nosenzo, J Abeler

JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2020, 8(8): e19857

PDF

The Graveyard

Research is full of dead ends. Here are some projects that didn't make it--and what I learned from them.

Follow-up to the Weight Loss Challenge (2015)

2015

As a follow-up to my 2014 field experiment in a weight loss challenge, I wanted to study whether narrow versus broad goal brackets shaped motivation differently. The sample was ultimately too small for robust analysis, and the key outcomes could not be exploited well enough to justify writing it up.

Ego Threats and Motivation in Road Runners (2019)

2019

This project explored whether expressing doubts about runners' ability to meet their time goals would affect motivation. The first US study in April 2019 was encouraging, but a UK follow-up in fall 2019 ran into recruitment problems, and COVID-19 eventually brought the project to a halt. Project link.